🟡 Kannada for beginners · Chapter 5
Numbers, money and telling the time
Hindi makes you memorise 100 separate number words. Kannada numbers past 20 are pure Lego — 'twenty' + 'five' = twenty-five — so you can count to 99 by Friday.
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The basics
Kannada numbers let you hear a price, say a bus number, give a time, and bargain. You need 1–10, the tens, ನೂರು (100) and ಸಾವಿರ (1000) — almost everything else is built from them.
The problem it solves: the vegetable vendor says 'ಮೂವತ್ತು', the auto driver says 'ನೂರ ಐವತ್ತು', your cab is coming at 'ಐದೂವರೆ'. If you only catch numbers in English, you miss half the prices and every bargain.
The mental model: learn ten units and nine tens. From 21 on, Kannada just glues them: ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು (ippattu, 20) + ಐದು (aidu, 5) = ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೈದು (ippattaidu, 25). No pachchees-style irregulars. Only 11–19 need a little care. For time, ಗಂಟೆ (gaNTe) = hour/o'clock and -ವರೆ (-vare) = 'and a half'.
Words you must know 5
- ಒಂದು … ಹತ್ತು (ondu … hattu)
- 1 to 10
- ಎಷ್ಟು? (eshTu?)
- how much / how many
- ರೂಪಾಯಿ (ruupaayi)
- rupee
- ಗಂಟೆ (gaNTe)
- hour, o'clock
- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ / ಕಡಿಮೆ (jaasti / kaDime)
- more, too much / less
Explained
Hindi: 21 ikkees, 22 baaees, 23 teyees … every one a new word.
Kannada: 21 ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೊಂದು = ippattu + ondu. 22 ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೆರಡು = ippattu + eraDu. 23 ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತಮೂರು = ippattu + muuru.
Learn 19 words and you can say every price up to ₹99.
1 to 10, and the tens
1 ಒಂದು ondu 10 ಹತ್ತು hattu
2 ಎರಡು eraDu 20 ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು ippattu
3 ಮೂರು muuru 30 ಮೂವತ್ತು muuvattu
4 ನಾಲ್ಕು naalku 40 ನಲವತ್ತು nalavattu
5 ಐದು aidu 50 ಐವತ್ತು aivattu
6 ಆರು aaru 60 ಅರವತ್ತು aravattu
7 ಏಳು eeLu 70 ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತು eppattu
8 ಎಂಟು enTu 80 ಎಂಬತ್ತು embattu
9 ಒಂಬತ್ತು ombattu 90 ತೊಂಬತ್ತು tombattu
100 ನೂರು nuuru 1000 ಸಾವಿರ saavira 1,00,000 ಲಕ್ಷ lakshaEvery ten ends in -ttu and most echo their unit: muuru → muu-vattu, aidu → ai-vattu, aaru → ara-vattu.
Kannada also has its own digits — ೧ ೨ ೩ ೪ ೫ ೬ ೭ ೮ ೯ ೦ — which you'll see on BMTC bus route boards and government signs next to the 1 2 3 you know.
Building any number
21–99: ten + unit, glued. The final -u of the ten drops before a vowel:
25 ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೈದು ippattaidu (ippattu + aidu)
35 ಮೂವತ್ತೈದು muuvattaidu
42 ನಲವತ್ತೆರಡು nalavatteraDu
99 ತೊಂಬತ್ತೊಂಬತ್ತು tombattombattu11–19 (learn these):
11 ಹನ್ನೊಂದು hannondu 12 ಹನ್ನೆರಡು hanneraDu 13 ಹದಿಮೂರು hadimuuru
14 ಹದಿನಾಲ್ಕು hadinaalku 15 ಹದಿನೈದು hadinaidu 16 ಹದಿನಾರು hadinaaru
17 ಹದಿನೇಳು hadineeLu 18 ಹದಿನೆಂಟು hadinenTu 19 ಹತ್ತೊಂಬತ್ತು hattombattuHundreds: 200 ಇನ್ನೂರು (innuuru), 300 ಮುನ್ನೂರು (munnuuru), 500 ಐನೂರು (ainuuru). For 150 say ನೂರ ಐವತ್ತು (nuura aivattu); 2000 = ಎರಡು ಸಾವಿರ.
Telling the time
ಎಷ್ಟು ಗಂಟೆ? eshTu gaNTe? What time is it?
ಐದು ಗಂಟೆ aidu gaNTe 5 o'clock
ಐದೂವರೆ aiduuvare 5:30 (-vare = and a half)
ಒಂದೂವರೆ onduuvare 1:30 / one and a half
ಐದು ಗಂಟೆ ಹತ್ತು ನಿಮಿಷ aidu gaNTe hattu nimisha 5:10
ಆರು ಗಂಟೆಗೆ aaru gaNTege at 6 o'clock
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ beLigge morning ಮಧ್ಯಾಹ್ನ madhyaahna afternoon
ಸಂಜೆ sanje evening ರಾತ್ರಿ raatri night
ಇವತ್ತು ivattu today ನಾಳೆ naaLe tomorrow ನಿನ್ನೆ ninne yesterdayHalf is regular: ಒಂದೂವರೆ (1½), ಎರಡೂವರೆ (2½), ಮೂರೂವರೆ (3½). Hindi's derh and dhaai have no Kannada equivalents to memorise.
'Morning 7:30' = ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ ಏಳೂವರೆ (beLigge eeLuuvare). 'At' a time = add -ge: ಏಳು ಗಂಟೆಗೆ (at 7).
Ten + unit = number. -ttu = a ten. -vare = and a half. -ge = at.
Hooks for the units:
- ondu — 'one-du': on = one.
- eraDu — 'air two': two lungs of air.
- muuru — three cows moo-ing.
- naalku — four legs on a naal (horseshoe).
- aidu — five fingers on your hand: 'I do it with five'.
- aaru — six: 'are you six?' — the age every kid boasts about.
- eeLu — seven: ee-Lu, seven days of the week, yay!
- enTu — eight: ent-er the octagon.
- ombattu — nine: 'one bat short of ten'.
- hattu — ten: hath (hand) — ten fingers on two hands.
And a gift for Hindi speakers: ನಿಮಿಷ (nimisha) = nimish, minute; ಲಕ್ಷ = lakh; ನೂರು and ಸಾವಿರ are new words, but sau → nuuru and hazaar → saavira is just two to learn.
Mistakes newcomers make
- Mixing up ಏಳು (7) and ಎಂಟು (8) under pressure. Say them in a pair daily: eeLu-enTu.
- Short-changing the long vowels. ಏಳು is eeLu (long), ಎರಡು is eraDu (short). In a loud market, length is how numbers are told apart.
- Hearing ನಲವತ್ತು (40) as 'nala' and missing the number. People speak fast: nalavattu, aivattu, aravattu — the -vattu tells you it's a ten.
- Thinking ಕಾಲು only means 'leg'. ಕಾಲು (kaalu) also means a quarter: ಕಾಲು ಕೆಜಿ = 250 g. Don't panic at the vegetable stall.
- Treating ಜಾಸ್ತಿ as rude. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು (jaasti aaytu, that's too much) is the normal, friendly opening to a bargain.
- Expecting 'five minutes' to mean five minutes. ಐದು ನಿಮಿಷ is Bengaluru's universal 'soon'.
Sunday, 10 AM, KR Market vegetable stall
Neha from Jaipur is buying tomatoes.
Neha: ಅಕ್ಕ, ಟೊಮೆಟೊ ಕೆಜಿ ಎಷ್ಟು? (akka, TomeTo keji eshTu? — Sister, how much a kilo of tomato?) Vendor: ನಲವತ್ತು ರೂಪಾಯಿ. (nalavattu ruupaayi. — ₹40.) Neha: ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು. ಮೂವತ್ತು? (jaasti aaytu. muuvattu? — That's a lot. 30?) Vendor: ಮೂವತ್ತೈದು. ಕೊನೆ ರೇಟ್. (muuvattaidu. kone reeT. — 35. Final rate.) Neha: ಸರಿ, ಎರಡು ಕೆಜಿ ಕೊಡಿ. (sari, eraDu keji koDi. — OK, give me 2 kg.) Vendor: ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತು. (eppattu. — 70.) Neha: (pays ₹100) ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ಇದೆಯಾ? (chillare ideyaa? — Do you have change?) Vendor: ಇದೆ. ಮೂವತ್ತು. (ide. muuvattu. — Yes. 30.)
She saved ₹10 and, more usefully, heard four numbers in a row without switching to English.
Words to know
| ಒಂದು / ಎರಡು / ಮೂರು (ondu / eraDu / muuru) | 1 / 2 / 3 |
|---|---|
| ನಾಲ್ಕು / ಐದು / ಆರು (naalku / aidu / aaru) | 4 / 5 / 6 |
| ಏಳು / ಎಂಟು / ಒಂಬತ್ತು (eeLu / enTu / ombattu) | 7 / 8 / 9 |
| ಹತ್ತು (hattu) | 10 |
| ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು (ippattu) | 20 — and 25 is ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೈದು (ippattaidu). |
| ಐವತ್ತು (aivattu) | 50 |
| ನೂರು (nuuru) |
|
| ಸಾವಿರ (saavira) | 1000 |
| ಎಷ್ಟು? (eshTu?) | How much? How many? |
| ರೂಪಾಯಿ (ruupaayi) | Rupee(s). |
| ದುಡ್ಡು (duDDu) | Money (everyday word). Formal: ಹಣ (haNa). |
| ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ (chillare) | Change, small coins and notes. |
| ಜಾಸ್ತಿ (jaasti) | More, too much. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು = that's too much. |
| ಕಡಿಮೆ (kaDime) | Less. ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಿ = please reduce (the price). |
| ಗಂಟೆ (gaNTe) | Hour, o'clock. ಎಷ್ಟು ಗಂಟೆ? = what time is it? |
| -ವರೆ (-vare) | And a half: ಐದೂವರೆ (aiduuvare) = 5:30 / 5½. |
| ಕಾಲು (kaalu) | A quarter (also 'leg'): ಕಾಲು ಕೆಜಿ = 250 g. |
| ನಿಮಿಷ (nimisha) | Minute. |
| ಇವತ್ತು / ನಾಳೆ / ನಿನ್ನೆ (ivattu / naaLe / ninne) | Today / tomorrow / yesterday. |
In two minutes
- Learn 1–10, 11–19 and the nine tens; everything to 99 is ten + unit glued together.
- Tens end in -ttu: ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು 20, ಮೂವತ್ತು 30, ಐವತ್ತು 50 — hearing '-vattu' tells you it's a ten.
- ನೂರು 100, ಸಾವಿರ 1000, ಲಕ್ಷ lakh; 200 ಇನ್ನೂರು, 500 ಐನೂರು.
- ಎಷ್ಟು? = how much; answer in ರೂಪಾಯಿ; bargain with ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು and ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಿ.
- Time: number + ಗಂಟೆ; half = -ವರೆ (ಐದೂವರೆ 5:30); 'at' = -ಗೆ (ಆರು ಗಂಟೆಗೆ).
- Frame the day with ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ, ಮಧ್ಯಾಹ್ನ, ಸಂಜೆ, ರಾತ್ರಿ and ಇವತ್ತು / ನಾಳೆ / ನಿನ್ನೆ.
- ಕಾಲು = quarter (as in ಕಾಲು ಕೆಜಿ) as well as 'leg'.
Test yourself
1. What is ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೈದು?
- 15
- 25
- 52
- 205
Show the answer
25 — ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು (20) + ಐದು (5). 15 is ಹದಿನೈದು (hadinaidu) — it also ends in -aidu, which is the trap; the front half tells you which ten.
2. The auto driver says 'ನೂರ ಐವತ್ತು'. How much?
- ₹105
- ₹150
- ₹500
- ₹1500
Show the answer
₹150 — ನೂರ (a hundred) + ಐವತ್ತು (fifty) = 150. ₹500 is ಐನೂರು (ainuuru) — it sounds close, but 'ai-nuuru' is five-hundred as one word.
3. How do you say 5:30?
- ಐದು ಗಂಟೆ ಮೂವತ್ತು ಅರ್ಧ
- ಐದೂವರೆ
- ಆರು ಕಡಿಮೆ
- ಐವತ್ತು ಮೂರು
Show the answer
ಐದೂವರೆ — -vare = 'and a half', so ಐದೂವರೆ = five and a half. ಐದು ಗಂಟೆ ಮೂವತ್ತು ನಿಮಿಷ also works, but -vare is what you'll hear.
4. Why can a Hindi speaker learn Kannada numbers 21–99 faster than Hindi numbers?
- Because Kannada has fewer numbers
- Because Kannada builds them regularly (ten + unit), while Hindi has a separate irregular word for almost every number
- Because Kannada uses English numbers
- Because Kannada numbers are the same as Hindi
Show the answer
Because Kannada builds them regularly (ten + unit), while Hindi has a separate irregular word for almost every number — ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೊಂದು = ippattu + ondu. Hindi's ikkees, baaees, teyees must each be memorised. Kannada still has 11–19 to learn, but from 20 the system is pure addition.
5. You think the price is too high. What do you say first?
- ಸಾಕು
- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು
- ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಯ್ತು
- ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ಇಲ್ಲ
Show the answer
ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು — ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಯ್ತು = 'that's (become) too much' — the friendly opening to bargaining. ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಯ್ತು would say 'that's too little', which no buyer ever says. Follow with ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಿ (please reduce).
6. The vendor says 'ಕಾಲು ಕೆಜಿ ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು'. What is she telling you?
- One leg costs 20
- A quarter kilo (250 g) costs ₹20
- Four kilos cost ₹20
- Twenty kilos
Show the answer
A quarter kilo (250 g) costs ₹20 — ಕಾಲು means both 'leg' and 'quarter'. With ಕೆಜಿ, it's a quarter kilo. 'Four' would be ನಾಲ್ಕು.
There are 9 questions, 3 puzzles and 5 recall cards for this lesson in the app — the recall cards come back on later days, just before you would forget.
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