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🇩🇪 German for beginners (A1) · Chapter 3

Sein and haben: the two verbs you need first

Two irregular verbs — sein (to be) and haben (to have) — carry about a third of what you will say in your first month in Germany. Learn their twelve forms tonight.

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The basics

sein (to be) and haben (to have) are the two most used verbs in German, and both are irregular — you memorise their forms rather than work them out.

The problem it solves: with only these two verbs you can say who you are, where you are from, how old you are, how you feel, what you own, whether you are hungry and whether you have time. Later they also build the past tense (ich habe gelernt, ich bin gefahren), so every hour spent here pays twice.

The mental model: sein describes what you are — name, nationality, job, age, mood, location. haben describes what you have — things, family, and, unlike English, hunger, thirst, time and fever. The verb form changes with the person, so the pronoun and the verb must match.

Words you must know 5

ich, du, er / sie / es, wir, ihr, sie, Sie
the personal pronouns
ihr
'you all', informal plural (tum log)
Sie
polite 'you' (aap), singular or plural, same verb as 'they'
Ich bin 22.
age uses sein, never haben
Ich habe Hunger.
hunger, thirst and time use haben

Explained

Ich bin Priya. Ich bin 24. Ich bin Ingenieurin. Ich habe Hunger. Hast du Zeit?

Five sentences, five real things you need to say in your first week — and all of them run on two verbs.

sein (to be) and haben (to have) are irregular, so there is no rule to derive them. There are twelve forms. Learn them as a chant and you will never think about them again.

The people: personal pronouns

ich   I                 मैं
du    you (one friend)  तू / तुम
er    he                वह (he)
sie   she               वह (she)
es    it                —
wir   we                हम
ihr   you all (friends) तुम लोग
sie   they              वे
Sie   you (polite)      आप

Three things Hindi speakers notice:

sein and haben, side by side

            sein (to be)    haben (to have)
ich         bin             habe
du          bist            hast
er/sie/es   ist             hat
wir         sind            haben
ihr         seid            habt
sie / Sie   sind            haben

Read the columns aloud three times: bin, bist, ist — sind, seid, sind. habe, hast, hat — haben, habt, haben.

Notice the pattern you will reuse in gm-006: the wir and sie/Sie forms are always identical.

What each verb is for

sein — what you are

Ich bin Rahul. (name)

Ich bin Inder. Sie ist Inderin. (nationality, no article)

Er ist Arzt. (job, no article)

Wir sind 23. (age)

Ich bin müde. (tired — a state)

Sie sind in Berlin. (place)

haben — what you have

Ich habe ein Fahrrad. (a bicycle)

Du hast eine Schwester. (a sister)

Wir haben Hunger / Durst. (hunger / thirst)

Habt ihr Zeit? (do you all have time?)

Er hat Fieber. (fever)

English says I am hungry; German says I have hunger. Hindi does the same: mujhe bhookh lagi hai is not 'I am hungry' either.

Sunday, 4 pm — a WG-Casting in Leipzig

A WG-Casting is the interview flatmates hold before they offer you a room.

Lena: Hallo! Ich bin Lena, und das ist Max.

Karan: Hallo! Ich bin Karan. Freut mich.

Max: Wie alt bist du, Karan?

Karan: Ich bin 24.

Lena: Bist du Student?

Karan: Ja, ich bin im Master. Informatik.

Max: Hast du Haustiere?

Karan: Nein. Aber ich habe ein Fahrrad!

Lena: Kein Problem. Das Zimmer ist klein, aber hell.

Karan: Das ist super. Habt ihr noch Fragen?

Max: Nein. Danke, Karan!

Haustiere = pets · hell = bright · noch Fragen = any more questions. Count them: eleven lines, eleven uses of sein or haben.

bin, bist, ist — sind, seid, sind. habe, hast, hat — haben, habt, haben.

Say it like a cricket chant, twice a day for three days.

The b goes missing in hast and hat.

Age is sein, hunger is haben — the opposite of what English and French learners expect.

Mistakes Indian learners make

Words to know

seinto be (zyne)
habento have (HAH-ben)
ich binI am (ikh bin)
du bistyou are, familiar (doo bist)
er / sie / es isthe / she / it is (air / zee / ess ist)
wir sindwe are (veer zint)
ihr seidyou all are (eer zyte)
ich habeI have (ikh HAH-buh)
er hathe has (air haht)
der Hungerhunger — Ich habe Hunger, I'm hungry (dair HOONG-er)
der Durstthirst — Ich habe Durst, I'm thirsty (dair doorst)
die Zeittime — Hast du Zeit? Are you free? (dee tsyte)
müdetired (MÜ-duh)
Mir ist kalt.I feel cold (meer ist kahlt)
Wie alt bist du?How old are you? (vee ahlt bist doo)
der Bruder / die Schwesterbrother / sister (BROO-der / SHVES-ter)
Inder / InderinIndian man / Indian woman (IN-der / IN-der-in)

In two minutes

Test yourself

1. Wir ___ aus Hyderabad.

  1. ist
  2. sind
  3. seid
  4. bin
Show the answer

sind — wir takes sind. seid belongs to ihr (you all); ist to er/sie/es.

2. ___ du einen Bruder?

  1. Habst
  2. Hast
  3. Hat
  4. Habe
Show the answer

Hast — du hast — the b drops out. 'Habst' is what the regular pattern would predict, which is exactly why haben has to be memorised.

3. Why is Ich habe 22 Jahre wrong in German?

  1. Jahre needs a capital J
  2. German uses sein for age: Ich bin 22 (Jahre alt)
  3. It should be Ich habe 22 Jahren
  4. It is correct
Show the answer

German uses sein for age: Ich bin 22 (Jahre alt) — Age is a state you are in, so German uses sein. Learners who know French or Spanish, where age is 'had', make this mistake most often.

4. What is the difference between sie ist müde and sie sind müde?

  1. None
  2. she is tired / they are tired
  3. they are tired / she is tired
  4. formal / informal
Show the answer

she is tired / they are tired — The pronoun sie is ambiguous, but the verb is not: ist is singular (she), sind is plural (they). Capitalised Sie sind müde would be the polite 'you are tired'.

5. You are shivering in the lecture hall. You tell your friend…

  1. Ich bin kalt.
  2. Mir ist kalt.
  3. Ich habe kalt.
  4. Ich bin Kälte.
Show the answer

Mir ist kalt. — Feeling cold is 'it is cold to me': Mir ist kalt. Ich bin kalt means you are a cold person. 'Ich habe kalt' is French grammar in German words.

6. Ihr ___ in Berlin, oder?

  1. seit
  2. seid
  3. sind
  4. seyd
Show the answer

seid — ihr seid. seit sounds identical but means 'since' (Ich wohne seit 2024 hier). The spelling, not the sound, is the trap.

There are 9 questions, 3 puzzles and 5 recall cards for this lesson in the app — the recall cards come back on later days, just before you would forget.

Learn it so it stays. Read it, test yourself, then recall it on two different days. The app schedules that for you, free.

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